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Political Thought of Czechoslovak Dissidents in the Years 1977 - 1993
Švehlová, Veronika ; Halamka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The diploma thesis entitled The Political Thought of Czechoslovak Dissidents in the Years 1977 - 1993 examines the political thought of three representatives of Czechoslovak dissent, Rudolf Battek, Václav Havel and Václav Benda. The main aim is to find out whether the Czechoslovak dissent included political thinking and came up with its own constructive theories on the ideal state system or whether it was limited to criticism of the contemporary regime. In terms of methodology, the thesis works with textual analysis of primary sources of three selected dissidents. Based on the textual analysis, it concludes by using a comparative method to compare and integrate the political thought of the selected dissidents with a focus on a better or ideal arrangement of the future state. The thesis concludes that the analyzed representatives of Czechoslovak dissent, in addition to criticizing the regime, also focused on political thinking and searched for a future state organization. Political thought and theories of a successful state were not their primary concern and do not represent a systematic positive theory. Their political thinking was based on their overall philosophical ideas and the context of their critique of the communist regime in contemporary Czechoslovakia. They do not call their ideas...
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Armin Mohler's political thought in his book Conservative Revolution in Deutschland 1918-1932
Kloučková, Klára ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Halamka, Tomáš (referee)
The topic of the conservative revolution and the German New Right is one of the less explored topics in the Czech academic environment. The personality of Armin Mohler, who is one of the spiritual fathers of the German New Right, offers a space for finding and understanding the essential ideas that influence the German New Right to this day. The aim of this thesis is therefore to describe key concepts of Mohler's thought in his first and influential work, The Conservative Revolution in Deutschland 1918-1932. At the same time, the thesis seeks to show the moments in which Mohler straddles the line between conservatism and right- wing extremism. The analysis of this borderline relies on the key concepts of conservatism and right-wing extremism, which are described in the first section. The second part already focuses specifically on the key concepts of Mohler's work. Firstly, Mohler's understanding of what a conservative revolution is in general is explained, and it is at this point that the borderline under investigation can already be traced. Next, the thesis identifies concepts such as nation, race, and empire, and it also looks at the militarism and militant thought of the conservative revolution and the groups that represent a non-negligible part of the conservative revolution. For all of these...
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Ivan Il'in's Concept of National Idea
Zemánek, Ladislav ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
The thesis deals with the Russian thinker I. A. Il'in's lifework putting emphasis on social and political philosophy. In consideration of the coherence of all his lifework the thesis is also dedicated to Il'in's metaphysics, epistemology and moral philosophy interpretation and his philosophical method description. Il'in's concept of the Russian "national idea" and its position in the context of the thinker's philosophical system are analysed as well. The analysis of this concept is to indicate to what extend it could be of universal nature having a potentiality for general application. The thesis focuses on problems that have not been discussed in the Czech literature yet, although being topical, including Il'in's criticism of totalitarianism and Western democracy model, his specific conception of nationalism or emphasis on the legal consciousness and the legal state.
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Liberal political thought in the works of Karel Havlíček Borovský
Jiras, Jakub ; Stracený, Josef (advisor) ; Lánský, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on analysis of political thought in the works of Karel Havlíček Borovský - the founder of political journalism in Bohemia. It tries to prove that there's good reason to deal with Havlíček's personality as relevant part of European liberal thought in the 19th century. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first one describes history of liberal thought till the end of 19th century. The second part characterizes Havlíček's life and puts emphasis on his journalistic career. The third and also the main chapter analyses representative elements of Havlíček's liberal philosophy. The author is convinced that Havlíček can be regarded as one of few thinkers who stand at the beginning of the way to social liberalism.
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John Adams and Thomas Jefferson: Two Perceptions of the Character of the USA
Jáč, Marek ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Raková, Svatava (referee)
Abstract Bachelor thesis "John Adams a Thomas Jefferson: Two Perceptions of the Character of the USA" deals with two American presidents who stood by the foundation of United States of the America. In terms of time and topic definition, the thesis is devoted to the Founding Era of the USA. The goal of this work was to compare political persons of the second and the third American president. Working method was base on the comparison both persons according to the three criteria - political thoughts on the form and the character of the government, political performance during their presidency and the personal characteristics of both presidents. In the thesis are used as the primary sources so the secondary ones. This bachelor thesis is divided into four parts. Firs chapter deals with the political biographies of both statesmen and their relationship as well. Second and third chapter analyze the Adams' and Jefferson's texts in which they expressed their political ideas about the character of the government in early USA. Last part of the work is devoted to the comparison of their political conceptions and also to the comparison of their political acts during their presidency. The conclusion of the work is that we can find a shift of the John Adams' conception from the beginning of the American Revolution,...
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Bernard Bolzano's work " On the Best State " in the context of political utopianism from 16th to 19th century.
Jiras, Jakub ; Stracený, Josef (advisor) ; Pelcová, Naděžda (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on the part of the work of important philosopher and mathematician Bernard Bolzano, which is currently rather neglected. It is his utopian writing On the best state. The aim of my thesis is to find out (through the analysis of the selected representatives of the utopian genre from the 16th to half of the 19th century and their consequent comparison with Bolzano's utopia), where to put the book On the best state in context of European utopian thought. In Czech literature Bolzano's writing is considered to be an example of rationalistic utopia of Enlightenment; however this statement hasn't been proven by deeper comparative analysis. That's why this diploma thesis tries to review this statement in order to either confirm it or define newly the position of Bolzano's book in the history of political utopianism. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first one gives basic introduction to Bolzano's professional and personal life, which is necessary for better understanding of his political thought. The second part analyzes important European utopias of Renaissance, Enlightenment as well as the utopias of the first half of the 19th century. The main part of this thesis is the chapter three, where are discussed selected political, economical and social aspects of the...
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Victor Mirabeau and his conception of human rights
JÍROVCOVÁ, Stanislava
This bachelor thesis examines the physiocrat Victor de Mirabeau and his conception of human rights. The author of this thesis discusses the physiocratic school within the context of the French Enlightenment, then proceeds to explaining the principal ideas of the leaders of the school. The main aim of the thesis is to describe the physiocratic concept of human rights and responsibilities as presented by Victor marquis de Mirabeau in his treatise La Science, ou Les droits et les devoirs de l'homme published in 1774.
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Ivan Il'in's Concept of National Idea
Zemánek, Ladislav ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
The thesis deals with the Russian thinker I. A. Il'in's lifework putting emphasis on social and political philosophy. In consideration of the coherence of all his lifework the thesis is also dedicated to Il'in's metaphysics, epistemology and moral philosophy interpretation and his philosophical method description. Il'in's concept of the Russian "national idea" and its position in the context of the thinker's philosophical system are analysed as well. The analysis of this concept is to indicate to what extend it could be of universal nature having a potentiality for general application. The thesis focuses on problems that have not been discussed in the Czech literature yet, although being topical, including Il'in's criticism of totalitarianism and Western democracy model, his specific conception of nationalism or emphasis on the legal consciousness and the legal state.
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